Context: Positive reforms in the existing curriculum of health universities to sensitize the health-care providers in having appreciative attitudes toward elderly are always desirable. However, baseline data as need assessment exercises for the same are deficient in the literature. Aims: This study used a cross-sectional approach to evaluate and compare the attitudes of teaching faculties and interns of a health sciences university using Kogan's attitude scale toward old people. Subjects and Methods: A total of 369 teaching faculties and interns participated according to inclusion criteria of the study. A questionnaire survey forms were given to each participant along with participant information sheet after consent from each participant was obtained. The Kogan's attitudes toward old people scale were used which comprised 34 items, containing 17 positive and 17 negative statements. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The mean Kogan's score of all four participated institutes showed neutral attitude of staff and students toward old people. Conclusions: The general attitude by mean Kogan's score was seen as neutral in all the four participating colleges. Hence, some positive reforms in the existing curriculum are desirable to reinforce the attitudes of health-care providers toward older people.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of undergraduate students of a Nigerian University on the etiology, associated risk factors, prevention, and treatment of periodontal diseases. Methodology: A 38-item self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the study participants' personal data, source of oral health information, and level of knowledge on issues relating to etiology, associated risk factors, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. The responses were based on a 5-item Likert scale. Chi-square test was used to identify significant relationships and differences between participants' level of awareness and demographic factors such as age, gender, course, and level of study. Results: More of the undergraduates studied (52.8%) were within the 20–25 years of age group, 50.7% were male, 69.4% were studying science-based courses, 76.9% rated their level of information on periodontal diseases as inadequate and 89.5% were rated to have inappropriate knowledge on periodontal disease. Internet was the respondents' most utilized source of information on periodontal diseases. The appropriateness of the respondents' knowledge on periodontal diseases was not dependent on their gender, age group, and nature of course of the study or the year of the study. However, only 18.6% of respondents who claimed to have adequate information on periodontal disease had appropriate knowledge of periodontal diseases, while fewer persons (8.0%) in the group who claimed to have inadequate information had appropriate knowledge (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It can be concluded that a few of the undergraduate students of the Nigerian University studied have inappropriate knowledge on the etiology, associated risk factors, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.

Background: Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world. In India, it is the most common cancer among male and the third most common among female population. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the epidemiologic profile of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Method: The study sample comprised of ninety eight biopsies diagnosed as OSCC. The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test and chi-square test. Results: Male to female ratio was 3.26:1. Mean age was 51.35 ± 14.39 years and 55.35 ± 8.87 years in males and females, respectively. The most common site of occurrence was buccal mucosa and gingivo-buccal sulcus (GBS). Most of the cases (66.32%) were well-differentiated OSCC. In most of the cases (66.32%) the diagnosis was made within 2-6 months of onset of symptoms. Conclusion: In India, OSCC is a major health problem. Strategies must be made to improve the present scenario of health care service, where Government-run health care centers are burdened with ever-increasing patient pool and to avail treatment in such centers is always a compromise with time and health. Effective oral health programs for spread of knowledge and awareness, prevention, early diagnosis and management, and follow up of oral cancer must be implemented.

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. It begins with the relatively benign gingivitis and becomes more established and destructive depending on the host, genetic, and environmental factors such as long-term plaque and calculus deposition. Subsequently, the connective tissue attachment to the root surface is lost causing bone resorption and formation of a periodontal pocket. We are in a new age of synthesis that demands vision, capabilities, logical reduction, and critical analysis for a constructive progress. In contrast to the conventional approaches of anti-inflammatory periodontal therapy, however, the regenerative procedures aimed at repairing lost periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum, remain more challenging and rapidly progressive periodontitis is attained.

Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth present in the midline of maxilla, between central incisors, occurring in 0.15%–1.9% of populations. Mesiodens is the most commonly found supernumerary teeth on many occasions. Mesiodens is paired, single, unerupted, and sometimes impacted. These mesiodens cause many complications, such as midline diastema, displacement, rotation, root resorption, unpleasing esthetics, and cyst formation. In the present cases, mesiodens is found bilaterally in the anterior maxilla. In these cases, both mesiodens are prophylactically extracted to prevent its adverse effects on permanent dentition.

Simultaneous occurrence of supernumerary and agenesis of the teeth is called concomitant hypohyperdontia (CHH). The condition is rare with unknown etiology. CHH may occur in both the jaws and is more common in the permanent and mixed dentition. In this article, we describe a case of nonsyndromic CHH in the primary dentition. A 5-year-old boy showed a conical mesiodens and missing left primary central incisor. Radiographic examination of the patient did not reveal any anomalous succedaneous permanent teeth.

This article reported exploratory removal foreign body in the form of a piece of broken glass embedded in the subcutaneous tissues of the right temporal region of a 10-year-old boy who had accidental fall on a glass slab about 12 weeks earlier without imaging technique. The presenting complaint was pain and swelling adjacent to a healed scar (point of entry of the foreign body). Exploration was done out under local anesthesia, and a 2.0 cm by 1.0 cm piece of broken glass was removed. The postoperative period was uneventful. Complications from accidental foreign bodies can be minimized by a more thorough examination of resultant wounds. Proper accidental wound cleansing in children to remove all foreign bodies by parents or doctors at home or the hospital, respectively, is necessary to prevent retention of foreign bodies and their consequent complications.

The natural tooth implant connected fixed partial denture is subjected to debate. Literature was suggestive of both for and against the connection. The connection of implant to natural tooth has advantages and disadvantages. The intrusion of the teeth, biomechanical mismatch between tooth and implant, and marginal bone loss are associated limitations in implant tooth connection. The reduction in cost, anatomical limitations, and reduced surgical intervention were of suggestive of the connection. This clinical report was discussed on the 3-year follow-up of the tooth connected implant-supported fixed partial, and the procedures were followed in the fabrication of prosthesis that aided in the success of the restoration.

Carious exposure of an irreversibly inflamed vital pulp in a young permanent tooth presents a significant clinical challenge to maintain vitality. Direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy and complete pulpotomy are the available procedures to treat young permanent tooth. Currently, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice for apexogenesis. The present case report describes the successful apexogenesis of mandibular left first permanent molar using calcium hydroxide-chlorhexidine paste within 7 months and also discussed prognostic and technique guidance.

Dental fluorosis leads to staining of the teeth which ranges from mild to moderate to severe grade. Mild-to-moderate fluorosis stains present over the anterior teeth gives an unaesthetic and unpleasant smile. In such conditions, enamel microabrasion could be a conservative approach which helps in rehabilitation of the esthetics with minimal enamel loss. Topical application of remineralizing agents after microabrasion enhances remineralization and reduces postoperative effects. The present case report of an 11-year-old boy describes the treatment of fluorosis stains with microabrasion in combination with topical application of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate cream. The results show the benefit of the combination of microabrasion with remineralizing agent.

The progression of inflammation from a nonvital deciduous predecessor tooth around an unerupted permanent tooth is one of the possible etiologic factors for the development of a dentigerous cyst. The article reports the management of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst in an 11-year-old male patient, associated with the germ of an unerupted permanent maxillary canine. The patient was treated by extraction of the left first and second deciduous molars under local anesthesia and marsupialization of the cystic cavity. The patient was followed for 18 months, and eruptions of the permanent canine, first and second premolars, and gradual reduction of the radiolucent area were observed periodically. In conclusion, with proper case selection, marsupialization might be a good treatment option for the conservative management of dentigerous cysts.