Aim: This study aims to assess the awareness of dental trauma and its prevention and management among sportspersons in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the sportspersons in Chennai. About 205 sportspersons answered the questionnaire regarding information about the knowledge of the incidence of dental injuries, knowledge of management of dental injuries, and orofacial protective devices and their role in the prevention of dental injuries. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21, acquired by IBM. Results: A total of 205 answered the questionnaire regarding knowledge of dental trauma in sportspersons. 63.4% of sportspersons had reported the incidence of dental injuries in their sport. 41% of sportspersons reported that they would use tap water as storage medium and 23.4% would use patient's own saliva as a storage medium for avulsed tooth. 94.1% of the study population thinks awareness about dental injuries and its safety measures is necessary for every sportsperson. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide the insight into the awareness of dental trauma and its prevention and management among sportspersons Chennai. Most of the sportspersons lack information about professionally fitted mouth guards and the source of its availability. Therefore, to improve their basic knowledge about traumatic dental injury and their managements, more emphasis regarding dental trauma can be given during their training period.

Background: Traumatic injuries are common among the school children during physical activity. As teachers being the first persons to come in contact, it is essential that they know to manage such situations. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level of a group of Saudi primary school teachers in the management of avulsed tooth. Methodology: The study was conducted among 300 male teachers and schools, who were randomly selected from Riyadh city. Results: The results showed that 68.3% had a previous experience about avulsed tooth in children. 36.3% (109 teachers) only had first aid training of dental trauma. Nearly, 61.7% knew about replant re-implantation of the avulsed tooth and regarding the storage media only 3.3% had chosen childrens' mouth/ saliva as a suitable media. Conclusion: This study shows a lack of knowledge regarding tooth avulsion and its emergency management among teachers in Riyadh city. Therefore, educational programmers are necessary to improve their level of knowledge.

Background: In developing countries, oral squamous cell carcinoma is a leading cause of mortality due to late diagnosis. Hence, the aim of the study was to analyze the clinical and pathological presentation of buccal mucosa carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: A case series study was conducted in regional cancer centre, Tamil Nadu. Demographic and clinical details were collected from medical registries between 2013 and 2015. Results: The present study consists of 198 cases which comprised 125 (63.1%) male and 73 (36.9%) female. The mean age of the cases was 54.16 ± 17.25 years. Histopathology reports showed most frequency of well-differentiated buccal squamous cell carcinoma 98 (49.5%) and followed moderate 98 (34.3%) and poorly differentiated 32 (16.2%). Clinical tumor nodal metastasis reports revealed 168 (85%) of advanced clinical stage (III and IV) of buccal mucosa carcinoma, whereas only 30 (15%) was presented at early stage (I and II) of disease. Based on the clinical and histopathological analysis, 86 (43.4%) cases were fit for surgery and followed by adjuvant chemo- - and radio-therapy. Of 198 cases, the most common clinical complaints were identified with 73 (38%) pain and followed by 47 (28%) bleeding, may be due to unawareness or ignorance of disease. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the cases had diagnosed in advanced stage of tumor with severe pain and bleeding. Hence, further studies warrant on awareness of clinical symptoms and also to analyze the risk factors for delay diagnosis in Tamil Nadu population, which might reduce morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: Utilization of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in different fields of dentistry is on the rise; on the other hand, panoramic radiology as a screening technique is extensively used in dental procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of linear (horizontal-vertical) and angular measurements in CBCT images and panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, either mesiodistal width and the height, as well as angular measurement in anterior, canine, premolar and molar of the mandible and maxilla were measured. Each area was outlined by gutta-percha as opaque markers. The first and the second observers measured the linear and angular measurements twice with 2 weeks interval. Digital caliper, with the accuracy of 0.01 mm was used. A baseplate for reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint and a polyvinyl plastic pipe to reconstruct the spine were utilized. After the standard panoramic and CBCT radiography were obtained, observers used system-measuring menu to measure the distances between markers from the images. Based on sample size, all the above steps were repeated 10 times. Statistical analysis included an evaluation of the agreement between observers and the frequency of testing for each observer based on coefficient of concordance, as well as using paired t-test for comparing physical and radiographic quantities of different dimensions. P < 0.05 was established as a level of significant. Results: Comparison of the panoramic radiography with the CBCT in the anterior, canine, and molar of the maxilla and mandible showed a significant difference between two methods (P < 0.05). angular measurement in the premolar region of the maxilla and vertical measurement in the mandibular molar region also showed a significant difference between two methods (P > 0.05). The accuracy of panoramic radiography in comparison with CBCT in eighty samples regardless of the jaw and the area is approximately the same in angular measurement (P > 0.05). In contrast, in both horizontal and vertical positions, CBCT shows more meaningful result than panoramic radiography (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Comparison of CBCT and panoramic imaging revealed that CBCT in all three dimensions is more accurate than panoramic. The difference between these two techniques is maximized in the horizontal measurement and minimized in the angular measurement.

Background: Dental caries is a pandemic disease affecting whole of the mankind. Methods of recording caries in a population are plenty, but researchers are still searching for an ideal caries recording system. Caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) index is one such attempt where investigators' records spectrum of caries effects in an individual based on different codes and criteria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 224 adults of different socioeconomic (SE) background and their caries experience was recorded using CAST index. Kuppuswamy's scale was used to record SE status of individuals. SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 224 adults, 34.8% were suffering from chronic pulpitis and 10% had at least one tooth with periapical abscess/fistula in their mouth. Overall prevalence of caries was 45.9% and caries experience (decayed, missing, filled [DMF]) was 2.09 in the study population. Majority of subjects belonged to middle SE class. Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it is clear that CAST index is a simple, useful, and much more comprehensive tool in recording caries experience in a population than conventional DMF index.

Introduction: Periodontitis is characterized by loss of supporting connective tissue and alveolar bone around teeth. Although triggered by bacterial infection other factors such as apoptosis and immune mediators such as interleukin - 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand have found to aggravate the periodontal disease prognosis. Apoptosis is believed to contribute to periodontal disease progression. Cleavage of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosomal size fragments is an integral part of apoptosis. DNA fragmentation factor. (DFF) is a major apoptotic endonuclease representative of DNA fragmentation. DFF is responsible for DNA fragmentation, a hallmark event during apoptosis. Aim: This study aims to determine the presence of DNA instability in tissue samples of chronic periodontitis using double-stranded DNA marker using immunohistochemistry. Methodology: Tissue samples of five chronic periodontitis cases and one control case was obtained. Patients of any age and sex with clinically and histologically diagnosed cases of chronic periodontitis were selected. The tissue samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using DFF. Results: Staining index of DFF 45 was calculated by multiplying staining intensity and the staining percentage. Two cases showed positive expression with staining index moderate in one case and low in one case. Three cases did not express DFF. Conclusion: Apoptosis plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation and host immune response. Mild to moderate degree of DNA instability is found to be present in chronic periodontitis patients. The presence of DNA instability in chronic periodontitis emphasizes the importance of devising effective treatment modalities.

Management of a hard and soft tissue defect with an acrylic prosthesis has been proved to be very successful in the esthetic zone. The gingival prosthesis is provided when surgical management is either difficult or failed. In the present case report is an innovative method of management of Kennedy's Class I maxillary arch with gingival recession in the anterior teeth with a combined prosthesis.

This case report presents a rare root canal system in a mandibular second molar tooth, a single root with a single canal. C-shaped canals with varying configuration are commonly observed in single-rooted mandibular second molars. The access cavity displayed only one round/oval canal orifice which is very rare. The knowledge of dental anatomy is an essential tool for the success of endodontic treatment. The early recognition of these configurations facilitates cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. Therefore, a clinician thus requires to have adequate knowledge about root morphology and its variation. Thorough knowledge of the root canal anatomy is necessary to perform a successful endodontic treatment.

Oral pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity occurring in response to stimuli such as local irritants and hormonal factors. Port-wine stain is a congenital capillary malformation which manifests on the mucosa or skin. Pyogenic granulomas in the oral cavity have rarely been reported to be present in congenital capillary malformations such as port-wine stains. Such a co-occurrence of oral pyogenic granuloma and a port-wine satin has been reported in this case report.

Gingival growths are one of the most frequently encountered lesions in the oral cavity. Most of these lesions are innocuous, but some do have malignant potential. Different lesions with similar clinical presentations make it difficult to arrive at a correct diagnosis. One of the infrequently occurring gingival lesions is peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) which is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the anterior maxilla. Lesions with histological features similar to POF have been given various names, adding to the confusion. Exuberant connective tissue response to chronic irritation due to plaque, calculus, restorative, or orthodontic appliances are thought to be responsible for the initiation of the lesion. Moreover, persistent irritation can cause metaplasia of the mesenchymal cells resulting in calcifications. The diagnosis is often challenging as the lesion masquerade as other reactive lesions of gingiva. This article describes a case of POF in a 29-year-old male in an unusual location with rare involvement of bone. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics are discussed and recommendations regarding differential diagnosis, treatments are provided.

The article is to present a case of bilateral taurodontism in primary and permanent molars associated with hypodontia and to discuss the endodontic aspects. Taurodontism in permanent molars are most commonly affected and it has a very low incidence, and very fewer cases are reported in the literature in the deciduous dentition. A 12-year-old boy presented with irregularly placed tooth in upper right back region of the jaw. Orthopantomogramrevealed taurodontism in seven teeth including both primary and permanent teeth, associated with congenitally missing three premolars and permanent mandibular central incisors. Taurodontism is more frequent in nonsyndromic familial tooth agenesis. Individuals in families with second premolar and molar oligodontia are more likely to have taurodontism. Since there is a wide variation in size and shape of pulp chamber with varying degree of obliteration and canal configuration, root canal therapy becomes a challenge so it is essential to recognize and render preventive care for these teeth.