Aims: To compare the temperature rise in the pulp chamber with light-emitting diode (LED) and Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) light curing units by infrared thermography. Materials and Methods: Class V cavity was prepared in 20 freshly extracted maxillary first premolars measuring 2 mm depth, 4 mm width, and 1 mm above the cement enamel junction. The samples were divided into two groups (n = 10). Cavity was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed and bonding agent was applied over the etched cavity surface on both the groups. In group I the samples were cured with LED curing unit, whereas group II were cured with QTH unit, which was followed by two incremental curing of composite. Thermal emission for QTH and LED (fast mode) light curing units were noted by Fluke Ti32 infrared thermography after 20 s bonding agent curing and first and second increment composite curing for 40 s each. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed with Student t-test and Friedman test using SPSS version 11.5 software. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the temperature rise was significantly minimal with LED fast mode (Group I) in all stages of curing compared with QTH unit (Group II). There is significant rise of temperature during first incremental curing of composite, whereas insignificant increase of temperature during curing of second increment of composite (P < 0.001%). Conclusions: Temperature rise caused due to both QTH and LED light curing units does not result in irreversible pulpal damage and thermography is a viable means of quantifying the temperature changes during photo polymerization.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of articular disk displacement using helical computed tomography (CT) in asymptomatic Class II Division I patients and to find a correlation between internal derangement of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and certain lateral cephalometric variables. Materials and Methods: After screening 578 patients in the age group 18-25 years, 30 patients who met the case selection criteria and willing to cooperate were included in the study. Frontal and profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken. Helical CT of TMJ were taken and the disk tissue of the joint was analyzed. Composite cephalometric analysis was performed to evaluate cranial base, vertical skeletal relationships, maxillary and mandibular skeletal relationships, and dental relationships. Results: Mean and standard deviation were estimated from the sample in each group. Mean values were compared using Student's independent t-test. Patients with disk displacement have shorter anterior and posterior cranial base, small posterior facial height (PFH), backward rotation of mandible, decreased mandibular body length, and an increase in proclination of lower incisors. Conclusion: Certain cephalometric variables correlate well with helical CT findings of patients with internal dernagement of TMJ (TMJ ID), and thus could assist in identifying patients with potential TMJ disorders.

Aim: The study of dental morphological features is important in anthropological researches, because it can provide information on the dental variations within a specific population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Carabelli trait in Iranian adolescents. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study, 500 individuals (aged 15-49 years) were examined. Direct intraoral examination was done, morphological details of the crown, and sex of the subjects were recorded and Dahlberg classification system was used. Hydrocolloid impressions were taken and the study was repeated on the dental casts. The resultant data were compared with the clinical data. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The prevalence of the trait was 96.6%, with significantly different distribution between males and females. Class 6 was the most frequent configuration (28.4%) and Class 1 was the least frequent (6.2%). Conclusions: The frequency of the trait was higher than that in other reports, but nearly similar to that of European groups.

Oral health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions. Studies have revealed that literacy skills are strong predictor of individual's health status than age, income, employment status, education level, and racial or ethnic group. Dentist and dental staff are in unique position to help patients with low oral or general health literacy, thus empowering them to play active role in their oral healthcare. This review article introduces some of the key concepts and practical aspects of oral health literacy.

Establishing a person's identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. In the field of forensic sciences, the lip prints have been proven to be an imperative tool in identifying a person positively. Today, in India, as well as worldwide, crimes of diverse character are on the rise. Both criminals and knowledgeable elite of the public are making use of stylish methodological measures while committing crimes to put forensic scientist, police, and the public off the scene. Hence, the role of crime scene detectives has become more challenging than ever in this civilized modern world. Dental, fingerprint, and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques, allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, since they cannot always be used, sometimes it is necessary to apply different and less-known techniques. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to the lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable; therefore, there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity.

Neurilemoma is an uncommon nerve sheath tumor, arising from schwann cells. Typically it occurs as a solitary, asymptomatic, slow growing benign tumor. Its etiology is unknown. Microscopically two distinct patterns are pathognomic - Antoni A and Antoni B tissue. The current case report describes an unusual neurilemoma of the tongue, in a young 24-year-old female. Histologically it exhibited plexiform (multinodular) pattern. It's review and histomorphological features of this rare variant are discussed.

Treatment of severe generalized dental fluorosis with surface defects to rehabilitate esthetics, phonetics, and mastication require removal of unsupported and pitted enamel and/or dentine, reestablishment of centric relation with or without reestablishing vertical dimension of occlusion and fabrication of full mouth crown and bridge work. In this case full occlusal reconstruction was done using simultaneous arch technique and Hobo twin-stage procedure following reorganizing approach as generalized fluorosis led to severe structural defects, oblique facets because of anterior traumatic occlusion and multiple dental caries, which were otherwise not possible to be treated by direct restorations alone. Centric relation was also recorded at reestablished vertical dimension.

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer for both sexes in the general population. Squamous cell carcinoma is defined as "a malignant epithelial neoplasm exhibiting squamous differentiation as characterized by the formation of keratin and/ or the presence of intercellular bridges" (Pindborg et al., 1977).^[1] It is the most common neoplasm of the oral cavity. We present a case of oral SCC emphasizing on the invasive nature of the lesion and importance of correct biosy and histopathological examination.

A maxillofacial prosthesis intends to replace missing oral or facial structures and its associated functions, but the restoration gets complicated when patients are subjected to en bloc surgical removal of oral and facial structures due to metastasized neoplasm. The post-surgical radiation therapy may hold-up reconstructive procedures and implant therapy. Conventional hollow obturators constructed out of polymethyl methacralate can be reliable interim prostheses. However, whether an edentulous maxillary defect can retain a long serving interim prosthesis is questionable. In this case report, the advanced room temperature vulcanizing silicone material was used to construct the hollow obturator and the same was employed as a long serving retentive aid for the interim prosthesis in an edentulous maxillary defect.

Sialolithiasis is one of the most common disease of salivary glands and it has been estimated that it affects 12 in 1000 of the adult population. More than 80% occur in the sub mandibular gland or its duct, 6% in the parotid gland and 2% in the sublingual gland or minor salivary glands and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Clinically, they are round or ovoid, rough or smooth and of a yellowish color. They consist of mainly calcium phosphate with smaller amounts of carbonates in the form of hydroxyapatite, with smaller amounts of magnesium, potassium, and ammonia. Sub mandibular stones are 82% inorganic and 18% organic material whereas parotid stones are composed of 49% inorganic and 51% organic material. The organic material is composed of various carbohydrates and amino acids. Bacterial elements have not been identified at the core of a sialolith and this report describes the case of a patient who had an unusual large submandibular gland sialolith (calculus) completely obstructing the sub mandibular gland duct. Patients with sialolithiasis require definitive surgical treatment in most cases, which results in an excellent prognosis.

Midline diastema is a common aesthetic problem in mixed and permanent dentition. Many innovative therapies are varying from restorative procedures such as composite build-up to surgery (frenectomy) and orthodontics are available. A high frenum attachment is often the cause of persistent diastemas. Presented herewith is a case report of a 13-year-old girl with a high frenal attachment that had caused spacing of the maxillary central incisors. This case report demonstrates the removal of the abnormal labial frenum attachment through surgery and subsequent closure of maxillary diastema following removable orthodontic treatment.